First opened Tuesday, March 15, 2011
丸
まる
- flat (heiban)
How to read it: a line over a kana means the voice is high there, and ↓ marks where it drops. A kana with no line is low. With no ↓ the pitch stays high to the end and does not drop even on a following particle (が, は).
circle, full (month)
Maru shifted from Old Japanese 丸 (maro), and is related to 麻呂 (maro).
Taken apart
No breakdown is shown for this word: Wiktionary's text for it doesn't give a split that spells the word and joins to its reading, and any other split would be a guess.
Written with 丸
In a sentence
赤丸で囲む。
Circle in red pencil.
地図の赤丸は学校を示す。
Red circles on the map mark schools.
Sentences are from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR), picked by fixed rules from a dated export and shown unchanged. Nobody has reviewed them one by one.
What Wiktionary says
Quoted line by line from Wiktionary's Etymology section for this reading, taken from one dated dump so it can't change underneath us. Nothing below is paraphrased.
- “⟨maro₂⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/”
- “Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).”
- “Related to 麻(ま)呂(ろ) (maro).”
Source: Wiktionary: 丸 (dump of 2026-09-02), available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Reading, meaning and part of speech from JMdict, and kanji readings from KANJIDIC2 (EDRDG).
Other readings of 丸 on the same Wiktionary page
These describe other words written the same way, not まる. They are quoted for context: the parts, layer and processes of this word are not taken from them.
まろ
- “⟨maro₂⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/”
- “From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.”
がん
- “/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/”
- “From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC hwan).”
What the labels mean
- 和語 Native Japanese
- Words that were already Japanese before Chinese vocabulary arrived — usually written with kun'yomi and often short.
- Sound change
- The pronunciation shifted over the centuries.