First opened Monday, August 30, 2010
出る
でる
- head-high (atamadaka): falls after mora 1
How to read it: a line over a kana means the voice is high there, and ↓ marks where it drops. A kana with no line is low. With no ↓ the pitch stays high to the end and does not drop even on a following particle (が, は).
to leave, to go out; to appear; to attend
Deru was idu: the initial i fell out in compounds, and du shifted to -deru only later.
Taken apart
No breakdown is shown for this word: Wiktionary's text for it doesn't give a split that spells the word and joins to its reading, and any other split would be a guess.
Written with 出
In a sentence
部屋を出ろ。
You must go out of the room.
私が出ます。
I'll get it.
Sentences are from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR), picked by fixed rules from a dated export and shown unchanged. Nobody has reviewed them one by one.
What Wiktionary says
Quoted line by line from Wiktionary's Etymology section for this reading, taken from one dated dump so it can't change underneath us. Nothing below is paraphrased.
- “⟨idu⟩ → /id͡zu/ → /d͡zu/ → /d͡zuru/ → /deru/”
- “From Old Japanese 出づ (idu), from Proto-Japonic *intu.”
- “The initial i fell out in compounds where the preceding element ended in i. The du form on its own was not used much outside of compounds until the Kamakura period.”
- “The ending then shifted from -duru (modern -dzuru) to -deru, a shift common to all 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs that occurred from the late Muromachi period through the early Edo period.”
- “Some sources trace the development instead as ⟨idu⟩ → ⟨iduru⟩ → /id͡zuru/ → /d͡zuru/ → /deru/.”
Source: Wiktionary: 出る (dump of 2026-09-02), available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Reading, meaning and part of speech from JMdict, and kanji readings from KANJIDIC2 (EDRDG).
What the labels mean
- 和語 Native Japanese
- Words that were already Japanese before Chinese vocabulary arrived — usually written with kun'yomi and often short.
- Sound change
- The pronunciation shifted over the centuries.